I struggled with this for awhile, so wanted to pass on how I overcame it.
I was having an issue where the profile would be pushed and everything would be successful, except I couldn't install the AFW, so none of the authorized apps in the Play Store would download (the user didn't have an Android Enterprise account). I finally noticed that, when I looked at the device owner in System Manager > Owners, he had three of the red G symbols next to his name, indicating he had many Android Enterprise accounts.
I deleted the owner, created him again, wiped the phone, and when I authenticated with his user, AFW installed and all of the apps in the Play Store finally downloaded.