Hey Mat, You should check the "Figure 3. Connection phase: Peers use UDP hole punching to establish an IPsec tunnel." part in the link you posted in your opening post: https://documentation.meraki.com/MX/Site-to-site_VPN/Automatic_NAT_Traversal_for_IPsec_Tunneling_between_Cisco_Meraki_Peers Basically you're right, when the AP first tries to make the connection it will get blocked by the firewall. But thanks to that try it will have punched the hole in the firewall on the AP side. Meanwhile, the MX also tries to make an outgoing connection to the AP. It too, at this point, will punch a hole, this time in the firewall on the MX side. Both holes have now been punched and the connection can be established. It doesn't always work though. See this concentrator deployment guide for more info: https://documentation.meraki.com/MX/Deployment_Guides/VPN_Concentrator_Deployment_Guide Use manual NAT traversal when: There is an unfriendly NAT upstream Stringent firewall rules are in place to control what traffic is allowed to ingress or egress the datacenter It is important to know which port remote sites will use to communicate with the VPN concentrator There's also this link to troubleshoot packet streams: https://documentation.meraki.com/MX/Site-to-site_VPN/Troubleshooting_Automatic_NAT_Traversal_for_Meraki_Auto_VPN
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