To do authentication based on two credentials passed using EAP you need EAP chaining, and to support EAP chaining you need both a supplicant (on the client) and authentication infrastructure that supports it (generally the RADIUS server). Although Windows 10 can now do EAP chaining through support of EAP-TEAP, Microsoft NPS doesn’t support it so far as I’m aware, so you only have half the solution.
You could get it to work if you use a different RADIUS server that supports TEAP - Cisco ISE is one example, not sure if there are any more at the moment. (TEAP is the ‘standardised’ version of Cisco’s EAP-FAST which has been able to do EAP chaining for sometime with the Cisco AnyConnect client).