Any MX using NBAR can recognize MS Teams traffic.
What I personally always do is the following:
I always match all voice applications and give these a DSCP EF marking (so I have to assume the high setting will be ignored and the MX will put them in the realtime queue). Notice the MS Teams Audio tag in the config.
Then the second rule matches the rest of voice and video which will be the video and call signaling protocols and those then get the AF41 and high queue. Since matching is always done top down this configuration should work.
It is important that the voice part hits the realtime queue of your MX so it goes outbound first. Once your packet hits the internet it is fair game for any kind of treatment. So you only have control of outbound packets on your own MX towards the ISP.