We are working at full upload speed now. Thank you everyone for your input and I hope this thread helps someone else some day. After testing the 3 devices that we have on hand at this point again several times, we determined that something in the network config is to blame. I'm guessing it is the WAN traffic shaping policy that looks correct in the UI, but behind the scenes was actually broken in some way. All 3 devices, on various firmware versions, work as they should with full upload bandwidth once we built a new network. If we apply the old network to any of them, the upload limit comes back.
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