The status for the MX64 shows:
Up to date
Current version: MX 13.33
Is the whole 14.x line in beta?
The dashboard said the MX was online. The speed test from the MX's local admin UI said it had 75Mbps and did not say anything about upload speed. That would make me even more think it's an MX problem if the MX itself had good upload but wasn't allowing other traffic through.
My laptop connects to a Trendnet switch that connects to a Meraki switch that connects to the MX64. I suppose when this happens again in several months I could try rebooting the switches one at a time to see if any of them are the problem.
Another option the next time this happens would be for me to connect my laptop directly to the cable modem and run a speed test. I guess that wouldn't 100% rule out the modem since it might change things when it detects a different mac connected to it. Connecting that way is how I figured out that years of my anger at Cox for not providing the speed we pay for really should have been directed at the Juniper and, therefore, to my own ignorance that I had an appliance that was old enough that it wasn't rated for 150Mbps.