On the Meraki side, there are no firewalls rules. There are firewall rules on the broadband modems (I assume), but the Z3 are able to established VPN to other MX68. So the broadband modems does allow UDP traffic for MX68 VPN connections.
So the three locations experienced issue are using 192.168.0.0 and NATed on the modem. The corporate networks are using 10.0.0.0. Where on AWS vMX security policy that control the peer WAN uplink private IPs?