Thanks all for your responses and assistance so far.
Set the AP to 2.4 GHz only - wireless adapter connects without an issue and performance is acceptable, however it has the same issue as before where the connection drops prematurely when the signal is "weak" (25-30dB on 2.4 GHz).
Disabled Wifi 6 (had it disabled but enabled it this week again) when I set the AP to 2.4 only
For the computer I'm testing the wireless adapter in, I applied the power settings through cmd (most power settings are missing from the Power Options window, might be due to how Dell configured the computer). If it helps, the same issue occurs on the equipment we're using this 8812AU adapter in, which runs Android.
We're still testing this, but it looks like we're seeing a similar issue with a different Realtek adapter as well - 8821AE (802.11ac PCI-E). This one is in an Open Pluggable Specification (OPS) computer with an i7-7500U and Windows 10 Pro.
I have an 8812BU USB wireless adapter that I've tested in a Windows computer and that does not seem to have the same issues that the two other Realtek adapters have.