The logic is applied on the whole network not individual ports.
Meraki switches also only use DSCP values to set or trust, not L2 markings.
So incoming traffic is marked or trusted according to the setting you applied on the page, if that traffic happens to arrive on an access port to a user or a trunk incoming from another meraki or non-meraki switch, the logic remains the same.
Outgoing traffic then uses the queueing mechanism if buffering is needed according to the DSCP to CoS mapping.
So again on access ports or trunks to other switches, if your DSCP is mapped to CoS queue 3 it will then be serviced 8x longer than queue 0.