Was the MDM Profile (AKA "Meraki Management") made mandatory is pre-stage enrollment? Is the profile still on the device? If so, how did the user remove it? Meraki has a fail-safe in place if a DEP device severs connection it will allow the device to be enrolled without a total wipe. Usually, this can be done if you go to m.meraki.com. Seeing that they don't have Safari could they get Chrome and try? If not, you would need to find them a way to get your profile from Dashboard to re-enroll.
By the way, in a rare case, it is a Meraki/Apple issue when profiles stop communicating with the server. This looks like the profile has been tampered with by the user. I am not trying to accuse, but give you a heads up!
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