I worked with Meraki support today and they suggested enabling the "Routing and Remote Access service". It immediately fixes the problem for any affected PC! Installing Wireshark and leaving it open in the background also works, but my team suspects that is because is it puts the NIC in promiscuous mode, which is inherently insecure to leave on all the time. As far as I can tell, there is no security risk in enabling the "Routing and Remote Access service". (Don't forget to set the Startup Type to automatic!)
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