I've always used dotenv with node projects. I don't think there is a 'standard' that could apply across the board given each language/framework would have their own way to do something similar. I haven't used python, but you said it also has a dotenv library which is cool. IMO this is probably the best way forward because if you used something like meraki.json to store those credentials and you want to add email support or twilio integration then you will end up needing to store those credentials somewhere. You would probably end up back to using dotenv...
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