Yes, but it may not be easy depending on your requirements.
It all comes down to the capabilities of your client and RADIUS server (for the 802.1x authentication). Every RADIUS servers will support a single authentication method as part of the EAP process - this might be a username/password combination with PEAP-MSCHAPv2, or a certificate with EAP-TLS. And that authentication could be a user username/password, or a device username/password (for a AD registered device), or the certificate of a user or device.
It may be that to meet your requirements it’s sufficient to authenticate your device to the network (with a certificate or username/password depending on what is available) and then rely on the authentication of the user to access the server resources as the ‘secondary’ authentication.
If you want to actually authenticate both the device and the user with 802.1x (WPA2 Enterprise) then you need to use EAP chaining. The problem is there are very few clients and RADIUS servers that support it. Windows 10 does support TEAP for EAP chaining, or you could use a different supplicant installed on the client (e.g. Cisco AnyConnect) to support it. For a RADIUS server, Cisco ISE supports TEAP for EAP chaining, but I’m not aware of much support outside of this.
I’d tend to look just at the device authentication. If you’ve got the infrastructure and ability to do certificate-based authentication then have a look at that for everything. Otherwise I’d look at two SSIDs, one for the Meraki MDM managed devices, and one for the Windows devices which you can authenticate with computer username/password (assuming their domain joined) with NPS to provide the RADIUS service - and use GPOs to push the Wifi SSID details.