@TravisN
I have had several issues with setting up VLANs and have had to sort out what seemed a little odd initially.
So my comments are based on making it easier to to find a configuration that works.
The first thing I did was to set up all the VLANs and DHCP servers on the MX plus a separate management VLAN. Then I set all the switch ports to be trunks and have the each of the switch ports, handle all VLANs. If this is done carefully all devices should have connectivity whichever the port they are attached to.
Then set the network devices to use the management VLAN, and check that there are no issues. If there are problems you may have to reset the switch, which will require full reconfiguration, if everything isn't right then there will be orange or red warnings on the dashboard. The switch may be confused as to which DHCP to use to get its IP address lease from.
Once this is functioning correctly you can change those ports on the switch that are access only to the appropriate VLAN and make sure that the uplink ports will handle only the VLANs you intend them to pass.
If you want some screen shots of what I have, let me know and I'll post them, in the morning (UK time).