I understand that you can't access the Meraki MX appliance belonging to Toast, but have you considered the possibility that the ERX router and MX appliance are using the same WAN IP address? If so, there could be a conflicting connection. You would have to change the static WAN IP address of the ERX router to test this.
It doesn't really make sense your ISP is telling you you don't have a limit to multiple public IP addresses - they will normally hand you a block (i.e. if you have multiple static IP addresses, you could get a /29 block), there will always be a limit.
The biggest thing I would consider, given you don't have insight into the Toast Meraki MX appliance, is the possibility of a WAN IP conflict between the ERX router and the Meraki MX. If applicable, I would consider changing the ERX's WAN IP address to a different public IP in the range your ISP provided, and see if this makes a difference.
Finally, you mention using a managed switch to eliminate "crosstalk" between the Meraki MX and the ERX device; a managed switch will not inherently do this unless you configure separate layer 2 VLANs for each switch port, and because this switch sits on the internet edge - that configuration will not suffice unless the ISP modem has an 802.1q trunk configuration on the other end of the connection and you can match what ever VLANs are allowed on its trunking interface. In some of my client environments, we have run the data network separate from the voice network, and I've used an unmanaged Cisco switch to split internet traffic between the Meraki MX, and a proprietary voice gateway, and we had no issues with crosstalk for the devices. The Meraki MX is a stateful firewall and will by default block all inbound traffic from the internet, so you shouldn't need to worry about crosstalk from your network to the Meraki Toast network. If you want to put a managed switch in to have visibility into the traffic, that is a great option; however, it is not a solution to preventing crosstalk between your network and the Meraki Toast network.
Kaleb Mohr, CCNA. | Network Engineer
https://www.linkedin.com/in/kaleb-mohr
I am not an employee of Cisco or Cisco Meraki.