Meraki’s current failover mechanism for MX appliances is based on link monitoring and VPN tunnel health checks, and the default behavior is indeed conservative to avoid flapping. The typical failover time of 30 seconds to several minutes (often closer to 2–5 minutes). It waits for multiple failed probes before declaring the primary WAN down.
Connection Monitoring for WAN Failover - Cisco Meraki Documentation
Unfortunately, this timing cannot be changed by the customer or by Meraki Support
I am not a Cisco Meraki employee. My suggestions are based on documentation of Meraki best practices and day-to-day experience.
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