We have been using the Windows Server 2019 Standard built-in NPS for RADIUS. Nothing was upgraded, but Windows Updates were run and the servers rebooted before this stopped happening. I followed the documentation outlined here:
https://documentation.meraki.com/MX/Client_VPN/Configuring_RADIUS_Authentication_with_Client_VPNIt worked like a charm out of the box. I tried removing the Calling Station ID per the article, as it said some RADIUS servers wouldn't like it, but it didn't make any difference. I'm being prompted for the username and password but when I connect it get's stuck on "Verifying your sign in information" and it eventually says "The remote connection was denied because the user name and password combination you provided is not recognized, or the selected authentication protocol is no permitted on the remote access server."