The camera is an app. You just need to get the app ID for it for that phone to enable it again if you are using a whitelist. The apps are quite possibly not in the app store because it was never intended for them to be downloaded.
The "standard" camera app is com.android.camera (so you can try whitelisting that). However that does not mean the manufacturer of any particular phone chose to use the standard app.
Usually you can just good for the IDs.
You can create as many "Systems Manager" networks as you like each with completely different settings. For example, we have one network for devices in "Device Owner" mode, and another for devices in "BYOD" mode.